Triangular trade :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Slaves and slave trade has been an important part of history for a very long time. In the years of the British thirteen colonies in North America, slaves and slave trade was a very important part of its development. It even carried on to almost 200 years of the United States history. The slave trade of the thirteen colonies was an important part of the colonies as well as Europe and Africa. In order to supply the thirteen colonies efficiently through trade, Europe developed the method of triangular trade. It is referred to as triangular trade because it consists of trade with Africa, the thirteen colonies, and England. These three areas are commonly called the trades â€Å"three legs.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first leg of this trade was merchants from Europe bringing refined goods to Africa to trade for slaves. The merchants traded with chiefs and high authority leaders. The chiefs pretty much could and would trade whomever they pleased, there was no restriction regarding who the slaves were.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the second leg of this trade slaves were transported to the West Indies, this leg was called the middle passage. This part was horrible for the slaves. About 50% of all the slaves on one ship would not make it to the West Indies because of disease or brutal mistreatment. Hundreds of men, woman and children were cramped together for most of the journey, occasionally able move an almost decent amount.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the third leg of the journey slaves were traded for sugar, molasses and other products. Those products were shipped to Europe or other European colonies in the Americas. The slaves in the West Indies were then sold to whomever wanted to buy some.

One Tongue, Brotherhood and Equality

One Tongue, Brotherhood and Equality Language plays a vital role in shaping and constructing any society, community and also country. Not every country around the world has the same language, but English is considered as the most used international language. That is why in countries where English is not their national language, it is taught as a second language. English is so diverse and developed that, even within English speaking countries, there are sometimes more than a few hundred ways the same English is spoken: different states in the United States use different vocabulary to describe the same things, they have their own different accents and their own phrases and idioms. This is where the various conflicts start taking place: This having diversity within the same language within a country creates a big gap between people from different regions. How can the residents of a country stand united in better or worse if within the same country the residents cannot even agree upon speaking one language in one particular dialect? Having one official language is like a bridge way between people from different nations, colors, ethnicities, and it tells that in spite of all the difference that there is among these people one thing is really common among them: The way they speak. It creates an invisible bond between these people and binds them in the tie of brotherhood. This is exactly what Kawame Appiah talks about in his essay â€Å"The Primacy of Practice†, when he mentions â€Å"cosmopolitanism. † Accepting different nations from around the world and within one’s own country with their variations and differences is what true cosmopolitanism is all about. English is a very diverse and lucid language which has derived numerous words from Sanskrit, Arabic, Spanish, French, German and many others. Leslie Savan in her essay â€Å"What’s Black, Then White and Said All Over† points out how â€Å"Black English† plays a major role in forming English. But even though Black English is so influential in forming the modern English that we speak today, it is not above criticism. Black English is mostly considered â€Å"ghetto† and an unsophisticated way of regular English. This division between languages creates gaps between communities of people within the same country which leads to one group of people feeling inferior to the others. This division and difference can only be solved if there was an official language that everybody speaks in. This will not only solve the problems that arise because of differences between various groups of people but will also create a tighter bond between everyone. And since United States is such a big country with a high population, it is necessary for this country to have a declared official language. Known as â€Å"the country of opportunities† and â€Å"the center of melting pot† United States is the home to millions of immigrants. Some of these immigrants do not speak English, but are still leading their lives here. Not knowing English proves to be a barrier for them and they face the difficulty of leading life without knowing it almost everyday. Since English is the de facto language of the United States, it is English that is mostly used as the most common way of conversation. Besides, all the official documentation, legal paper, bills and important papers are all written in English. This comes off as a great barrier for people who do not speak English or are not fluent in it. They always need an interpreter to explain things to them. This interpreter is often their neighbor, or a relative who knows English, or their school going children who know English. It not only makes things more problematic than they have to be, but also wastes time and energy on both sides. Even though translation in Spanish and Creole are usually given with a lot of official documentations now-a-days, it does not solve the bigger problems in the picture. Not knowing English limits people from communicating freely and openly; it hinders them from interacting and limits life choices for them. Since English is world popular and considered to be the international language, its value and importance is felt almost everywhere in the world and its impact can be seen in many people’s lives. For people living in the United States and other English speaking countries, its importance is felt at a higher rate than it is in other countries. Lives are really not so simple for people who do not know English in spite of living in America. One drawback of it is that, without knowing English hardly anyone in the United States can land on a white-collar job. No job or work is considered to be lower than the other and is as respectful as the profession of a doctor or teacher, but it is common for most people to wish to have a white-collar job and be in a real office. (And today’s society is set in a way which makes people feel that way. ) To be factual, not having some kind of intellectual job limits people from improvising their lives. They feel that they could provide better for their children and themselves if they were something other than non-English speaking miners or laborers. Besides a lot of people who used to have high-collar jobs in their native countries and live in the United States but do not know English go through mental depression when they find out they need to do â€Å"odd jobs† to take care of their families. This is when they give up and do not even try learning English thinking it is never going to be worth it and that it is too hard. Besides they think that, since America is such a multi-cultured country with diversity in people, ethnicities and (in this case most importantly) languages, they will not have trouble leading their lives. Not knowing English might be a barrier to them sometimes, but it is also true that, this definitely does not stop their lives. Even than there are a lot of things missing from their lives: The feeling of loss at knowing that they could provide a better future for their children if they had known English and got a better job; the feeling of being a burden on someone for relying upon them to translate for them; or feeling like a handicap at a social gathering where most people are speaking English and that they cannot participate, are some things that nobody wants in their lives. But in case English was declared to be the official language of the United States, these non-English speakers would be bound to learn it no matter what. As a result in the long run, all the above mentioned problems would be solved. Even if it might be hard for them in the beginning and seem like an extra botheration, eventually it will proof to be beneficiary for them. This will not only solve social problems but will fix a lot of the national problems too. Unlike a lot of countries around the world, United States government wants all its residents to participate in civics and politics. Residents who participate in working for the betterment of their country, who participate in general discussion about their country’s future are assets for the country. Residents, who know what is going on in the politics; who know about not just their rights, but also about duties towards their country are what makes the country run smoothly and helps it flourish. But for a lot of people not knowing English s stopping them from civics participation and they think there is no real need to learn English anyway. If English was the declared official language, no matter how hard anyone finds it, they will need to learn it if they wanted to live in the United States. It might seem unfair towards them since, â€Å"we have shared horizons of meaning, because these are debates between people who share so many other values and so much else in the way of belief and of habit, that they are as sharp and as painful as they are. † (Appiah 70). It is natural to feel one’s own way of speaking and native language is superior to any other languages. And logically speaking if any language was chosen as the official language for America, it would be English. But due to this people who speak other languages and not English will automatically feel left out and deprived. They might even feel that since they are the minority group, the American government does not really care about their emotions. But if they knew English and participated in civics they will find out that, they are benefitted more than the government. A lot of frauds, cheatings, money laundering, identity theft, property loss and crimes of other sorts take place with people who cannot communicate properly. For not knowing English, a lot of the people do not know about their rights, the benefits that they can get from their country and states or how to seek help in the time of need. Due to that, when immigrants become the victims of crimes, knowing proper English is often the case that could have helped prevent the crime. This is a vital reason why a country needs to have a declared official language which everybody will be obliged to learn. It is more beneficial towards the residents than it is for the government. Language is very changeable. It does take a lot of time to change a language which has been established as a well developed grammatical form of communication, (such as English) and also for such a long period of time. But changes do occur and these changes are within most people’s viewpoints only if they are willing to see. Looking at the different states within the United States, listening to the diverse way of people expressing their thoughts using totally different vocabulary is just a small way of showing that a language can even alter within its own territorial boundary. One word which is common to one particular state becomes foreign to another state and â€Å"Origins tend to get lost in the roaring mainstream. † (Savan 368). But not all changes are for the betterment of people. Language is like an identity which binds age old traditions and speaks of a country’s history. It is a way to hold up uniqueness of one’s own country. For example, Bangladesh had its war of liberation that was mainly based on its language movement. The people of Bangladesh could not tolerate when the Pakistani government tried to force Bangladeshi people to give up their national and mother language Bengali and make Urdu their declared national language. But this hurt the Bangladeshi people’s feelings: they did not want to give up their freedom, because to them their country’s language was a symbol of freedom and identity, which to many people are the biggest and most valuable assets. Now-a-days, a lot of English words are lost with the pace of time but this language is the symbol of freedom, virtue and of American dream, unity and nationalism, like the language Bengali is to the Bangladeshis. To hold the uniqueness of the American history, to stick with its age old liberty and freedom, it is important to make English, which was the founding fathers’ language, make the official national language of the United States. United States of America has been thriving with its mixed cultures, millions of different races and ethnicities from all around the world and hundreds of different languages. But in spite of thriving economically and politically there seems to be a difference that is too obvious to go unnoticed. This difference can be less of a discrimination if there was one language everybody used. It will make people think equally of each other since â€Å"there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus [. ]† (Appiah 58) and help them realize that even if there are such drastic differences in the way of lives of most people they are really not so different from each other after all.

Othello, By William Shakespeare - 1358 Words

Iago is a ‘Machiavellian villain’, someone who is intent on realizing his desires at all costs and seeks to achieve this in a deceptive manner. To achieve his goals, he utilizes characters around him to carry out his plans without them realizing. His main purpose in Othello is to entrap and deceive the hero. In this scene we discover Iago’s hate towards Othello and his motives to ruin him; one of them being Othello’s recent promotion of Michael Cassio to the post of lieutenant. In spite of Iago’s service in battle and the recommendation from the ‘three great ones of the city’, Othello chose to give the position to a ‘Florentine’ that ‘never set a squadron in the field’. Iago only follows Othello to ‘serve my turn upon him’. Iago is shown to be looking out for his own self-interest whilst pretending to serve Othello. Thus revealing his capacity to hide his feelings and motives so that his actions don t reveal them. The opening scene establishes ‘honest’ Iago as a character who possesses a Janus face which simultaneously makes him the most faithful of friends and the most deadly of enemies. His poisonous cleverness allows him to manipulate those around him by exploiting their finer qualities, which he holds in contempt. He is a real villain whose dramatic persona of manifest hypocrisy draws the audience towards him even as he repels them. His manipulation of the situation between Roderigo and Brabantio demonstrates his Machiavellian ability to practice deceit; taking factsShow MoreRelatedOthello, By William Shakespeare957 Words   |  4 Pagesinnocent person kills himself while not knowing the truth. The best example of that would be the play Othello by the great William Shakespeare. As little as a handkerchief could make a difference if it is a symbol for something. In the play Othello by Shakespeare, handkerchief is first introduced by Othello to his beautiful mistress, Desdemona, as a sign of their love. At the end of the play what gets Othello to take extreme measures by the location of the handkerchief. As the symbol of the handkerchiefRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1599 Words   |  7 Pages William Shakespeare’s 16th century play Othello is a duplicitous and fraudulent tale set alternatingly between Venice in act 1, and the island of Cyprus thereafter. The play follows the scandalous marriage between protagonist Othello, a Christian moore and the general of the army of Venice, and Desdemona, a respected and intelligent woman who also happens to be the daughter of the Venetian Senator Brabantio. Shakespeare undoubtedly positions the marriage to be viewed as heroic and noble, despiteRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1218 Words   |  5 PagesIn a historical time period where emphasis was shifting from religion to race and ethnicity, key indicators of differences that perpetuated into racial prejudice and racial ideologies are evident in Othello by William Shakespeare. Although racism was not fully formed at this moment in history, Othello can be interpreted as a representation and an exploration of this shift in ideology. In the past, before this change to ward racial differences, religion was the major segretory factor in signifyingRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare894 Words   |  4 Pagesthose that which occurred in Othello written by William Shakespeare. Throughout the play Othello, we see the struggles of a marriage that is not accepted by their society. Othello is a extremely cherished black general living in a primarily white community. The play begins with Othello secretly becoming married to a white woman named Desdemona. This reasons others who are white to become angry and excuse to dislike this black man further more than they already do. Othello is a downward spiral from loveRead MoreOthello by William Shakespeare790 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout Othello by William Shakespeare, Othello makes numerous poor decisions due to his jealousy. Hitting Desdemona, trusting Iago, and killing Desdemona are among a few of the poor decisions that he makes. The word jealous can be defined as feeling or showing suspicion of som eones unfaithfulness in a relationship. Othello feels suspicious of Desdemona’s and Cassio’s relationship because of the lies that Iago tells him. Many people try to tell Othello the truth but he only believes the wordsRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1923 Words   |  8 Pagesdissatisfaction or complication is shown. Firstly in Othello love is presented as ephemeral and transient while atonement love is presented as unrequited and finally in cat on a hot tin roof love is presented as painful and troublesome due to unreciprocated feelings. The tragic plot of Othello hinges on the potential of the villain, Iago, to deceive other characters, above all Roderigo and Othello, through encouraging them to misinterpret what they see. Othello is prone to Iago s ploys seeing that he himselfRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare941 Words   |  4 Pageswas Williams Shakespeare’s play Othello which depicts the tragedy of Othello, a Morris Captain. What is different about Shakespeare play is that the tragic hero is the black Othello and the villain a white Iago. Therefore, Shakespeare depiction of Othello as a tragic character and Iago as a villain, challenges Elizabethan’s stereotypes regarding individuals of African descent. Shakespeare challenges the stereotypical â€Å"type –casting of the black man† in Elizabethan society by depicting Othello asRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1152 Words   |  5 Pages‘Othello’ was a tragedy of incomprehension at the deepest level of human dealings as no one in the play came to an understanding of himself or any of the surrounding characters. The play ‘Othello’ by William Shakespeare focused on tragedy through the anguish of the main character ‘Othello’ which lead to the suffering and death of numerous characters including himself. Appearance Vs. Reality challenged human dealings within the play ‘Othello’ as no-one came to see anyone’s true self and no-one seesRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1178 Words   |  5 Pagesprofitable in condition of good and immorality. Othello is presented as good and Iago as evil, but Iago and Othello’s relationship also shares a distrust of their wives. The overall logical argument is based on love, jealousy and betrayal between two lovers that ultimately leads to their separation because of Iago’s evil plan. I am using this article to agree with Berry s view on how Iago separates two lovers just so he can take retaliation on Othello by manipulating everyone to unmasking their trueRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1140 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Othello† is a play written by William Shakespeare in 1603. In this play, Shakespeare features three major characters: Othello, Iago, and Desdemona. Othello, a black man, and Desdemona, a white venetian secretly eloped in the play. Iago shows racism and prejudice towards their relationship because of their skin colors. In the play, Iago says: â€Å"Even now, now, very now, an old black ram is tupping your white ewe. Arise, arise! Awake the snorting citizens with the bell, or else the devil will make a

The Epidemic Of Africa And The Abduction Of The 200 Chibok

â€Å"I m hearing only bad news from Radio Africa, I m hearing only sad news from Radio Africa†, sang the pop group ‘Latin Quarter’ in their song â€Å"Radio Africa† released in 1985. ‘Radio Africa’ refers to all the news you hear about from the Western press and sadly, this quote still holds truth with the reportings of Africa by the Western press. The situation is made even worse by the fact that the ‘bad news’ is not even reported until it becomes a disaster of epic proportions. We have just recently witnessed the reporting of the Ebola Crisis in West Africa and the abduction of the 200 Chibok schoolgirls in Nigeria by terrorists Boko Haram. These events were barely covered until they became a crisis. With reference to the reporting of the genocide in Rwanda, it â€Å"claimed the spotlight only after there were indisputably ‘lots of dead bodies’† (Carruthers, 2011, p.166). Western press collectively ignores A frica at best and at worst report only ‘bad news’ creating the impression that Africa is at best irrelevant and at worst barbaric. The Western press refers to the press of many developed countries and continents such as Europe and in addition, countries that have been colonised by them such as America. Peter Adamson, founder and author of UNICEF’s annual State of the World’s Children report observed that â€Å"western audiences dramatically over-estimate the problems and dependency of people in the developing countries† (Diane Publishing, 1995, p.31). He argues that Western news’

Traumatic Stress And Stressor Related Disorder - 1512 Words

According to the DSM-5, Post-Traumatic Stress is a trauma and stressor-related disorder characterised by psychological and physiological symptoms emerging from direct or indirect exposure to a traumatic stressor. Examples include combat, rape or abuse. Moreover, the event itself elicits overwhelming emotional responses including fear, helplessness, or horror that threatens the psychological integrity of the individual. Notwithstanding the actual trigger, the individual s response is of such severity that it leads to clinically significant distress or impaired functioning. Traumatic symptomology often plagues the individual’s experience, manifesting in recurrent flashbacks, night terrors, somatic memories and hyperarousal. This†¦show more content†¦In line with this, not all who experience traumatic events go on to develop PTSD, which provides further inquiry into risk factors that increase vulnerability and predisposition. Risk can broadly be separated into pre- , peri- and post-trauma factors which influence the likelihood of PTSD. A history of prior trauma greatly increases susceptibility to PTSD, particularly when past traumas have been unresolved. A study by Breslau et al (1999) found that the experience of assaultive violence in childhood was consistent with the incidence of PTSD manifesting from trauma in adulthood. This may be due to decreased capacity for coping and the re-emergence of maladaptive coping skills, alongside increased responsivity, sensitivity, and reactive recall of previous traumas. Research highlights other major risk factors such as mental illness, chronic stress and inadequate social support (Halligan Yehuda, 2000). Post-trauma risk factors such as social support, secondary victimization and lack of treatment greatly impact on the resilience of the individual. For example, a rape victim is likely to feel worse about the event if her family view her as ‘shameful’ or ‘dirty’. Sociological studies by Chivers-Wilson (2006) presented a link between modern cultures of victim blaming/shaming and the onset of PTSD. Undoubtedly judgmental and unsupportive

B.I.C. Ca 100 †Research Project †Charlie Trotter Free Essays

100 Jonathon Roehl September 30, 2010 Charlie Trotter Charlie Trotter specializes in Degustation, which is a careful, appreciative tasting of various foods and focusing on the senses. His inspiration came while he was in college and his roommate, Joel Fish, prepared various courses for his friends to taste. Trotter became interested in what Joel was doing, and soon found himself immersed in the world of cookbooks and preparing meals as a way of entertainment for his friends and roommate. We will write a custom essay sample on B.I.C. Ca 100 – Research Project – Charlie Trotter or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mid way through his college tenure at The University of Wisconsin in Madison, WI, he decided to take a year off and read every book he could, this included cookbooks. As a way to make a living while on this break from school, he took a job as a waiter. Not long after he returned to college, he earned his Bachelor’s of Science degree in Political Science, then began once again cooking and actually doing small catering parties. Upon graduating from college, Charlie traveled around the U. S. and Europe to dine at only the finest restaurants. He wanted to learn how the â€Å"best† gained that title, and see what the future could possibly hold for him. Charlie actually never went to culinary school, he completely taught himself. Soon he returned to the States and began doing catering parties for his friends and families. His first cooking job was at a restaurant in the North Shore area of Chicago called Sinclair’s where he was a cook there and worked under many now well-known chefs including Norman Van Aken. After doing this for just over a year, he decided to open Charlie Trotter’s with his now deceased father, Robert Trotter, as his partner. Charlie’s cuisine now comes from the finest foodstuffs available. Networks provide the fresh, healthful ingredients which inspire him to create his masterpieces. From the naturally raised meat and line caught seafood to the organic produce, every component of each dish is the most pure available. Bobwhite quail from Indiana, petite greens from Farmer Jones, heirloom tomatoes from Illinois, buffalo from North Dakota and gindai from Hawaii are just a few of the products that arrive each day for him to crafts his menus. Trotter rather ave sauce with vegetable juice-based vinaigrettes, light emulsified stocks, and purees as well as delicate broths, and herb-infused meat and fish essences then sauces that have a lot of butter or cream. According to the Mobil Travel Guide, Charlie’s restaurant was giving 5 stars back in 1996 and remains that way even now. For his wine Charlie was awarded The Best Restaurant in the World for Wine and Food in 1998, The Best Restaurant in the Un ited States back in 2000, America’s Best Wine-Driven Restaurant in 2006 as well as The Grand Award in 1993, which he still holds. From the International food Manufacturers Association he was earned both the Silver and Gold Plate award in 2008. Trotter has been awarded many more other then these. I feel that Trotter is an excellent example of chefs with imagination and how you really do need to use your head and alter and expand anything from simple recipes to your whole cuisine choice considering this man NEVER went to a culinary arts school. How to cite B.I.C. Ca 100 – Research Project – Charlie Trotter, Essays

Professional Communication Practice for Fuji Xerox - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theProfessional Communication Practice for Fuji Xerox. Answer: Introduction Established in 1997, Fuji Xerox got the certification from Australian Quality Class for the excellence standard in their business. Their main objective is to understand the documents. They are focussed in building knowledge, based on which the business decisions can be taken. Their understanding helps the clients for leveraging the expectation from paper as well as the electronic media (Fujixerox.com.au/Company/Overview, 2017). The workflows and the document expertise from the company assist in working in smarter way and streamline the procedure of business. Further, they offer various business solutions required by the client for focussing on their business efficiently. Management Accounting Issues The Australian business of Fuji Xerox was getting out of control as the warnings regarding fraudulent behaviour of the company went unnoticed and unsolved, bad behaviours were not only ignored, rather promoted and irregularities with regard to major accountings were simply covered up (Wagenhofer, 2016). The issue that started with Fuji Xerox, New Zealand (FXNZ) and soon spread over Fuji Xerox Australia (FXA) led to global consequence for the company and the technology giant, who turned over the revenue amounted to A$ 26 billion. The organization was forced for delaying their annual report owing to inappropriate accounting at the regional subsidiaries (Fuji Xerox restructures Australia and New Zealand leadership after accounting scandal, 2017). Various top offices of Fuji Xerox were closing down and others were facing cut off of bonuses and wages by 20 to 50%. Further, the recent report of investigation includes the details that were not included in the initial report that was publish ed dated on 21st June. It was revealed by the company that knock six years net profit worth amounted to A$ 451 million that was frozen out from the government contract of New Zealand. The report of investigation included the details regarding how the top level executives continuously bringing the revenue forward to achieve the target. Moreover, they were avoiding the recognition of losses so their subsidiary Red Ink will not reach to the bottom and fabricated the monthly numbers of accounting as well as chalked up the sales of assets as revenue for covering up the missing values. The report alleged that the major individuals from the leadership team and blamed sales at any cost principle of the company under Neil Whittaker, the managing director of FXA as well as FXNZ that enabled the employees to get huge amount of commissions and bonus from the year 2011 (Agrawal Cooper, 2017). It was also mentioned in the report that provided overcompensation to the favoured workers and they involved the family members and paid them six-figure salaries that was three times more than the market rate. Moreover, they were paid gift bonuses and used the corporate expenses for pock et money and lavish meals. Main Reason Behind the Issue The root cause for the issue generated from the exercise of overstating of revenue on the managed agreement of service that had the variable pricing on the basis of utilization and sometimes that too with no minimum value, still it was transacted as the upfront revenue. Further, abusing the managed agreement of service became so common that the inappropriate recognition of revenue was approximately 30% of the total sales. Moreover, the inappropriate accounting included the fictitious transactions apart from the advance recorded revenues. Further, the cumulative amount for sales recorded inappropriately at the earlier period amounted to NZ$ 90 million during 2016 January. Out of that NZ$ 90 million, fictitious sales amounted to NZ$ 35 million and the rest amount was not fictitious but recorded inappropriately (Van der Stede, 2016). Further, recording the revenue inappropriately became the regular practice of the company and took place for 70% of the contracts over the duration of six year. The abusive accounting further overlooked that early recognition of revenue. Further, instances found for advance sales that were recorded twice and fictitious sales recording for achieving the target of monthly performance. Moreover, the promotional giveaways and free products were recorded as sales. Lack in credit policies assisted in green light orders from the risky clients as the credit investigation performed for 10% only of the total transactions. While the financial figures were found to be incorrect, they were just ignored. Further, to clean up the issues and avoid the detection, the company transacted the non-operating transactions and sales of the assets as revenue for minimizing the inappropriate accounting impact that were susceptible to accounting audit at closing of the period. This led to the external appearance as the financial condition and financial activities improved during the fiscal year and the company reported higher revenue as compared to the actual revenue (Bebbington, Unerman O'Dwyer, 2014). It further led to the establishment of disastrous culture and the report claimed that the employees and the executives of the company lacked the sense of honesty and ethics while preparing the annual report of the company. Financial Issues Associated with the Company The auditor of the company, Ernst Young were removed in 2016 July and replaced by the KPMG. The payout to the managing director amounted to million dollar came in focus irrespective of various allegations regarding impropriety by the director, who used the pressures for rebelling and creating the circumstances where the opposition was next to impossible. The scrutiny of the corporate credit card revealed that the director and various other members repeatedly used the credit card for the payment of dinner and lunch at various high-end places. Further, over the time period of 10 months 3 executives from the company spent huge amounts that amounted to $ 50,000 over 41 dinners that averaged $ 1,233 per dinner. Further, it was alleged during the corporate trips that the managing director withdrew an amount of $ 10,000 through cash in the local currency from his corporate credit card and did not submit the receipts as the supporting documents for withdrawals (Drury, 2013). The report furt her alleged that company paid an amount of $ 43,704 for the purpose of private trip of the director and his family members between the periods of June 2015 to April 2016. It was also highlighted in the report that the sales employees brought by the director from FXA were highly compensated. Further, five out of nine employees those were transferred from New Zealand were getting salaries that were higher as compared to the benchmark of normal pay scale. The annual salary of the Business development manager, E amounted to $ 1.1 million, out of which the remuneration based on incentives were 3 3.4 times more as compared to the level of benchmark. Further, the son of the managing director was paid annual salary amounted to $ 749,000 that included bonus amounted to $ 420,000. The functions over control were not efficient and there were lack of transparency as the reporting lines with the parent company as well as with other subsidiaries were limited to the managing director only that were centralising the information flow (Soin Collier, 2013). In such circumstance and lack of efficient supervision by the director, the business easily went out of control. Recommendation Looking at the above accounting issues faced by Fuji Xerox, Australia following recommendations is suggested Using the systems of balances and checks to assure that the duties of financial transactions are properly segregated Require finance, purchases and distributions to be approved by an assigned individual. Isolate taking care of stores and receipt capacities from record keeping capacities (recording exchanges and accommodating records). Further, the purchasing capacities must be segregated from payables capacities and assure that a similar individual isn't approved to compose and sign a check. Reconciling the bank accounts every month Reconciliation shall be completed by the independent person who is not responsible for accounting or does not involved with reconciliation review. Cancelled checks from the vendors must be checked appropriately and reconciled with bank accounts regularly Revenue management the revenues shall be double checked with the records and the duties for recording the sales and receipt of payments for sales shall be properly segregated among different person. Further, the sales account shall be reconciled with the inventories to measure the closing inventories or the goods available for sales. Remuneration and payment remuneration and salaries shall be fixed based on their individual performance and shall not be paid based on the performance of the company. Remuneration policy shall be clearly mentioned in the annual report so that there can be transparency regarding the remuneration and salary of the executives and employees. Usage of corporate credit card the corporate credit card shall exclusively be used for official purpose and the card shall not have the facility for personal use. In this way, the company will be able to save big amount with regard to the misuse of the corporate credit card. Reference Agrawal, A., Cooper, T. (2017). Corporate governance consequences of accounting scandals: Evidence from top management, CFO and auditor turnover.Quarterly Journal of Finance,7(01), 1650014. Bebbington, J., Unerman, J., O'Dwyer, B. (Eds.). (2014).Sustainability accounting and accountability. Routledge. Drury, C. M. (2013).Management and cost accounting. Springer. Fuji Xerox restructures Australia and New Zealand leadership after accounting scandal. (2017). Financial Review. Retrieved 3 September 2017, from https://www.afr.com/technology/fuji-xerox-restructures-australia-and-new-zealand-leadership-after-accounting-scandal-20170806-gxqiel Fujixerox.com.au/Company/Overview. (2017). Fujixerox.com.au. Retrieved 3 September 2017, from https://www.fujixerox.com.au/Company/Overview Soin, K., Collier, P. (2013). Risk and risk management in management accounting and control. Van der Stede, W. A. (2016). Management accounting in context: Industry, regulation and informatics.Management Accounting Research,31, 100-102. Wagenhofer, A. (2016). Exploiting regulatory changes for research in management accounting.Management Accounting Research,31, 112-117.